Truman developed diphtheria in 1894 at age 10. He was paralyzed for several months and had to be wheeled around in a baby carriage. Diphtheria antitoxin was unavailable then, so he was treated with ipecac and whiskey. He developed a severe distaste for both. 1b

As a child, Truman was diagnosed with a rare eye problem, "flat eyeballs." He wore thick glasses beginning at age eight, after his mother noticed he was able to see the large print in the family Bible, but unable to see objects at a distance. It has been said that Truman was far-sighted (which fits with the flat eyeballs diagnosis) 1b, but this pattern of visual acuity is characteristic of near-sightedness.

The issue is interesting because one possible cause of far-sightedness in young people is diphtheria. Diphtheria can paralyze the ciliary muscle, the muscle that allows the eye to focus close in.

Most biographers say Truman wore glasses before he contracted diphtheria. But Truman's son-in-law states that the diphtheria attack left him with the eye problem. 1c

Truman, proficient at math, was "scheduled" to attend the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, but his poor eyesight scuttled the plan and left him bitterly disappointed 2a.

(1) Broke his collar bone when he fell out of a chair while combing his hair. (2) Avulsed the end of his big toe by slamming a door on it. The family doctor reattached it using a coating of iodoform. (3) Nearly asphyxiated on a peach pit lodged in his throat. His mother saved his life by quick thinking and quick action: she pushed the peach pit down his throat with her finger. 1c

While a Congressman in 1938, a car smashed into Truman's as he drove through an intersection. The other driver did not see the stop sign at the intersection because it was blocked by a parked car. Truman's car was completely wrecked. Truman's daughter recalled: "It was a miracle that we escaped alive. Dad had a cut over his forehead and Mother had a wrenched back." 1c

Truman's daughter also recalled that Truman always drove too fast. 1c

When he was a judge in Missouri from 1924 to 1934, Truman complained of headaches accompanied by dizziness and sleeplessness. Stress appeared to precipitate and worsen the headaches. Later, as a senator, the headaches returned when he became embroiled in FDR's attempt to pack the Supreme Court. 1d

Truman re-enlisted in the Missouri National Guard in 1917, at age 33. He was elected an officer and shipped to the front in 1918. Truman was on horseback when, on 29 August, his artillery battery came under German fire. The horse was hit by shrapnel and fell into a shell hole, trapping Truman underneath. He had to be pulled from beneath the horse. About this time, several of the men broke and ran. Truman rallied the remainder "with some salty language he had learned while working on the Sante Fe railroad. The troops were so shocked to hear such language from Truman that they swung into action immediately." 3

In a letter home, Truman wrote that he had learned to sleep with his gas mask on 3 (perhaps 4). Comment: Was Truman gassed during WW1?

In early July 1946 Truman wrote his mother: "Early last week... I cultivated a sore throat and infected ear, but both are all right now. It's the first time I ever had a bad ear. But couldn't let up." 1e

Truman's diary entry for March 7, 1947 says: "Doc tell's [sic] me I have Cardiac Asthma! Aint that hell. Well it makes no diff, will go on as before. I've sworn him to secrecy! So What!" 5. Many years later, Truman's physician, Dr. Wallace Graham, recalled: "whenever President Truman would get into tight pinches, or really clutched up, he would have a little bubbling in the lungs, and he would have a little rale [a lung sound often caused by fluid in the lungs] at the base of his lungs" 5. Graham, who admitted he withheld information about Truman's health from the public, used diuretics (fluid pills) to treat the condition, sometimes staying up all night with the coughing Truman 5. MORE

Comment: (#1) "Cardiac asthma" is a little-used term today. It is often equated with pulmonary edema (fluid in the lungs), but a 1946 cardiology textbook 6a makes a clear distinction, noting that cardiac asthma can occur without pulmonary edema. Cardiac asthma is asthmatic-type breathing ("asthmatic respiration is a particular type of dyspnea") caused by sudden congestion of the pulmonary circulation. There may or may not be interstitial edema. Both cardiac asthma and pulmonary edema are generally considered to be manifestations of heart failure.

Comment: (#2) Cardiac asthma is usually due to a major mechanical malfunction of the heart and can be rapidly fatal. Unless the cause is something reversible, such as uncontrolled hypertension, a person who is having episodes of cardiac asthma will continue to have them. It apparently did not take much to tip Truman into cardiac asthma in 1947. How did he manage to survive for another 25 years? He was not then hypertensive. One wonders if the diagnosis was correct.

In April 1947, health care workers in New York City administered an astonishing 6.35 million smallpox vaccinations in 28 days, prompted by the presence in the city of a single smallpox-infected person (he died). On Sunday, April 20, White House physician Dr. Wallace H. Graham announced that "President Truman's preparations for a three-hour visit to New York the next day had included a brand-new vaccination" 7a 8. Comment: Roueché's use of "brand-new" implies that Truman had been previously vaccinated, which would hardly be surprising for that era.

In 1950, Senator Joseph McCarthy's attacks had put such a strain on Truman that his wife insisted on a retreat to Florida to recuperate. 1e

Hospitalized at Walter Reed Army Hospital (Washington, DC) for a short time 1e. David McCullough's biography of Truman mentions "stomach ailments" 5, but I have not checked it to see if the reference is the this episode of digestive illness.

In 1954 Truman had a gall bladder attack while watching a play. He underwent a successful emergency operation. 1f

After his gall bladder operation, Truman received an antibiotic that caused a severe allergic reaction. Truman described having "hives inside and out" and being temporarily unable to keep food down. He recovered in a few days. 1f

He developed abdominal discomfort in 1963. He was operated upon, and recovered uneventfully. 1f

Truman had fallen on ice during one of his morning walks about a year after his gall bladder operation, with no serious consequences. At age 83, however, he fell in the bathroom. He broke two ribs, cut his forehead, and broke his glasses. 1f

By late 1970 Truman's health was declining. His morning walks were less brisk and less frequent. He moved more slowly, read less, and was generally less active. He also had recurrent vertigo and arthritis. 1f

In his last year he developed heart failure and pulmonary congestion. He was hospitalized on 5 December 1972. He became comatose the night after Christmas and died on 26 December at 8:50 am. The cause of death was heart failure. 1f